Vumela i-AI Ibone Abantu Abampofu

"Ngokuthandwa kwe-intanethi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, imibuzo eminingi ingaphendulwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke ingabe sizoba nezinkinga ezimbalwa?"

Lesi isihloko sendatshana sesivivinyo esisha sezinga lekharikhulamu I ngo-2024. Kodwa umbuzo onzima ukuwuphendula.

Ngo-2023, i-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa ngokuthi iGates Foundation) yethula "Inselele Enkulu" - ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) bungayithuthukisa kanjani impilo nezolimo, lapho kwaxhaswa khona izixazululo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zezinkinga ezithile. "Uma sibeka engcupheni, amanye amaphrojekthi anamandla okuholela ekuphumeleleni kwangempela." UBill Gates, ongusihlalo-jikelele weGates Foundation, uthe.

Nakuba abantu belindele lukhulu ku-AI, izinkinga nezinselelo ezilethwa yi-AI emphakathini nazo ziyanda usuku nosuku. I-International Monetary Fund (IMF) ishicilele umbiko ngoJanuwari 2024, i-Generative AI: I-AI kungenzeka ikhulise ukungalingani phakathi kwamazwe kanye negebe lemali engenayo phakathi kwamazwe, futhi njengoba i-AI ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi iqhubekisela phambili izinto ezintsha, labo abangabanikazi bobuchwepheshe be-AI noma abatshala imali ku-AI- izimboni eziqhutshwayo zingase zinyuse imali engenayo, okuqhubekisele phambili ukungalingani.

"Ubuchwepheshe obusha buvela ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngokuvamile ubuchwepheshe obusha buzuzisa abantu abacebile ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amazwe acebile noma abantu bamazwe acebile." NgoJuni 18, 2024, uMark Suzman, oyi-CEO yeGates Foundation, uthe emcimbini wenkulumo eNyuvesi yaseTsinghua.

Isihluthulelo sokuxazulula inkinga kungase kube "indlela yokuklama i-AI". Engxoxweni nentatheli ye-Southern Weekly, uMark Sussman uthe nakuba maningi amaphrojekthi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AI, okubalulekile wukuthi sigqugquzela abantu ukuthi banake izidingo zabantu abampofu kakhulu. "Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela, i-AI, njengabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obusha, ijwayele ukuzuzisa abacebile kuqala."

Ukufinyelela kwabampofu kakhulu nabasengozini enkulu

Njengomphathi Omkhulu weGates Foundation, uMark Sussman uhlala ezibuza umbuzo: Singaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi lezi zindlela ezintsha ze-AI zisekela abantu abazidinga kakhulu, futhi zifinyelela kwabampofu kakhulu nabasengozini kakhulu?

Ku-AI "Grand Challenge" okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, u-Mark Sussman nozakwabo bathola amaphrojekthi amaningi obuciko besebenzisa i-AI, njengokuthi i-AI ingasetshenziswa yini ukunikeza ukwesekwa nokwelashwa okungcono kweziguli ze-AIDS eNingizimu Afrika, ukuzisiza nge-triage? Ingabe izibonelo zolimi ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amarekhodi ezokwelapha kwabesifazane abasebasha? Ingabe angaba khona amathuluzi angcono abasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi ukuze bathole ukuqeqeshwa okungcono uma izinsiza ziyindlala?

UMark Sussman entathelini yaseningizimu ngempelasonto ngokwesibonelo, bona kanye nabalingani bakhe ithuluzi elisha eliphathwa ngesandla le-ultrasound, bangasebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini ezinsizeni eziyindlala kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ukuze benze ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, khona-ke ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa angakwazi ukuhlaziya izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphansi, futhi ngokunembile. ukubikezela umsebenzi onzima noma ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, ukunemba kwayo akukhona ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound esibhedlela. "La mathuluzi azokwazi ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya emhlabeni jikelele, futhi ngikholwa ukuthi lokho kuzosindisa izimpilo eziningi."

U-Mark Sussman ukholelwa ukuthi ngempela kunamathuba amahle kakhulu angenzeka okusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekuqeqesheni, ekuxilongweni, nasekusekeleni abasebenzi bezempilo bomphakathi, nokuthi iqala ukubheka izindawo e-China lapho ingaxhaswa khona kakhulu.

Lapho exhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi e-AI, u-Mark Sussman uveza ukuthi izindlela zabo zokunquma zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi ukuthi ziyahambisana yini nezindinganiso zabo; Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa amazwe anemali engenayo ephansi kanye namaqembu ekuklanyweni ngokubambisana; Ukuhambisana nokuziphendulela ngamaphrojekthi we-AI; Ukuthi ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka kuyalungiswa yini ; Ukuthi ihlanganisa umqondo wokusetshenziswa okulungile, kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukubeka izinto obala.

"Amathuluzi akhona, noma ngabe amathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa noma ucwaningo olubanzi lokugoma noma amathuluzi ocwaningo lwezolimo, asinika amathuba ajabulisayo kunanoma yisiphi isikhathi emlandweni wethu, kodwa asikawathathi ngokugcwele lawo mandla okwamanje." "kusho uMark Sussman.

Ihlanganiswe namandla omuntu, i-AI izodala amathuba amasha

Ngokwe-International Monetary Fund, i-AI izothinta cishe u-40% wemisebenzi emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu bahlale bephikisana, futhi bavame ukukhathazeka, ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezizoshabalala nokuthi yiziphi izindawo ezizoba amathuba amasha.

Yize inkinga yokuqashwa ikhungethe nabampofu. Kodwa ngokombono kaMark Sussman, ukutshalwa kwezimali okubaluleke kakhulu kuseyimpilo, imfundo nokudla, futhi izinsiza zabantu azizona ukhiye kulesi sigaba.

Iminyaka emaphakathi yabantu base-Afrika ineminyaka engaba ngu-18 kuphela ubudala, futhi amanye amazwe aphansi ngisho nangaphezulu, uMark Sussman ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwezempilo okuyisisekelo, kunzima ngezingane ukukhuluma ngekusasa lazo. "Kulula ukungakunaki lokho bese ugxumela ubuza ukuthi ikuphi imisebenzi."

Kubantu abaningi abampofu, ezolimo kuseyindlela eyinhloko yokuziphilisa. Ngokusho kwe-Gates Foundation, izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabantu abampofu kakhulu emhlabeni zingabalimi abancane, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara naseNingizimu Asia, abathembele emalini yabalimi ukuze bazondle bona nemindeni yabo.

Ezolimo "kuncike esimweni sezulu ukuze udle" - ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ingozi enkulu yesimo sezulu, umjikelezo omude wokubuya, lezi zici bezilokhu zivimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabantu kanye nenhloko-dolobha. Phakathi kwabo, i-AI inamandla amakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eNdiya naseMpumalanga Afrika abalimi bathembele emvuleni ukuze banisele ngenkasa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemishini yokunisela. Kodwa nge-AI, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu zingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo futhi izeluleko zokuhlwanyela nokunisela zinganikezwa ngokuqondile kubalimi.

UMark Sussman uthe akumangazi ukuthi abalimi abahola kakhulu basebenzisa amasathelayithi noma ezinye izindlela, kodwa nge-AI, singaqhubeka siwazisa la mathuluzi, ukuze abalimi abampofu kakhulu basebenzise amathuluzi okwandisa umanyolo, ukuchelela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwembewu.

Njengamanje, iGates Foundation isebenza noMnyango Wezolimo kanye Nezindaba Zasemakhaya, iChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences neminye iminyango ukukhuthaza ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukutshala isomiso - kanye nezitshalo ezimelana namanzi nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinokumelana nokucindezeleka okuqinile, ukuthwala. ukubambisana kwe-China ne-Afrika, ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yasekhaya e-Afrika kanye nokwenza ngcono uhlelo lokukhuthaza izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe, futhi kancane kancane kusize amazwe ase-Afrika asungule uhlelo lwemboni yembewu yesimanje oluhlanganisa ukuzalaniswa kwerayisi, ukuzala nokukhuthazwa.

U-Mark Sussman uzichaza "njengomuntu onethemba" okholelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-AI namandla abantu kuzodala amathuba amasha esintwini, futhi le mikhakha emisha ingabamba iqhaza ezindaweni ezingenazo izinsiza ezifana ne-Afrika. "Sithemba ukuthi emashumini eminyaka azayo, izizukulwane ezintsha ezizalwe e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara zizofinyelela izinsiza ezifanayo eziyisisekelo zempilo nezemfundo njengawo wonke umuntu."

Abantu abampofu nabo bangabelana ngokusungula izidakamizwa

Kukhona "igebe lika-90/10" ekutholakaleni kwezidakamizwa - amazwe asathuthuka athwala u-90% womthwalo wezifo ezithathelwanayo, kodwa kuphela i-10% yezimali zocwaningo nentuthuko emhlabeni wonke ezinikezelwe kulezi zifo. Amandla amakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekusungulweni kwezidakamizwa yizinkampani ezizimele, kodwa ngokombono wabo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa kwabampofu akuzuzisi inzuzo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

NgoJuni 2021, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yamemezela ukuthi iChina isiphasile isitifiketi sokuqeda umalaleveva, kodwa imininingwane ye-WHO ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abangama-608,000 emhlabeni jikelele basazobulawa wumalaleveva ngo-2022, kanti abangaphezu kuka-90% babo bahlala ebumpofu. izindawo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umalaleveva awusatholakali emazweni anemali eningi, futhi zimbalwa izinkampani ezitshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni.

Ebhekene "nokwehluleka kwezimakethe," uMark Sussman utshele i-Southern Weekly ukuthi isisombululo sabo ukusebenzisa uxhaso lwabo ukugqugquzela izinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zisebenzise futhi zikhuthaze ukuqamba okusha, okwenza lezi zindlela ezintsha ezingase zisetshenziselwe abacebile kuphela zibe "impahla yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke. ."

Imodeli efana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo "ukuthenga ngevolumu" nayo kufanelekile ukuzama. UMark Sussman uthi basebenze nezinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu ukuze behlise amanani ngesigamu ukuze abesifazane abampofu e-Afrika nase-Asia bakwazi ukuthenga izinto zokuvimbela inzalo, ukuze babaqinisekise inani elithile lokuthenga nenzuzo ethile.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo mfuziselo ufakazela izinkampani ezikhiqiza imithi ukuthi ngisho nabantu abampofu basenayo imakethe enkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, obunye ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu bubuye buqondise ukunakwa. UMark Sussman wachaza ukuthi uxhaso lwakhe ezinkampanini ezizimele lusekelwe esisekelweni sokuthi uma inkampani yethula umkhiqizo ophumelelayo, idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo utholakala emazweni anemali ephansi - naphakathi nendawo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu futhi inikeze ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, kubuchwepheshe be-mRNA obusezingeni eliphezulu, i-Gates Foundation ikhethe ukuba ngumtshalizimali kusenesikhathi ukuze isekele ucwaningo lokuthi i-mRNA ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana nomalaleveva, isifo sofuba noma i-HIV, "yize imakethe igxile kakhulu kokuningi. ukwelashwa komdlavuza okunenzuzo."

Ngomhla zingama-20 kuJuni 2024, iLenacapavir, ukwelashwa okusha kwe-HIV, yamemezela imiphumela yesikhashana yohlolo lomtholampilo olubalulekile lweSigaba 3 INHLOSO 1 olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Maphakathi no-2023, i-Gates Foundation yatshala imali ukuze isekele ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ukunciphisa izindleko nokunciphisa izindleko zemithi ye-Lenacapavir ukuze ihanjiswe kangcono ezindaweni ezinemali ephansi - neziphakathi.

"Ezinhliziyweni zanoma iyiphi imodeli umqondo wokuthi imali ye-philanthropic ingasetshenziswa yini ukunika amandla umkhakha ozimele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqinisekiswe ukuthi leyo dynamism isetshenziselwa ukusiza abantu abampofu kakhulu nabasengozini kakhulu ukuthi bathole izinto ezintsha abangenakufinyelela ngenye indlela." "kusho uMark Sussman.