Vumela i-AI ibone abantu abahluphekileyo

"Ngokuthandwa kwe-Intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, imibuzo emininzi inokuphendulwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ngaba siya kuba neengxaki ezimbalwa?"

Esi sisihloko sesincoko somgangatho omtsha wekharityhulam uviwo I ngo-2024. Kodwa ngumbuzo onzima ukuphendula.

Ngo-2023, i-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (emva koko ibizwa ngokuba yiGates Foundation) yasungula "umngeni oMkhulu" - indlela i-intelligence intelligence (AI) inokuqhubela phambili ngayo impilo kunye nezolimo, apho izisombululo ezingaphezu kwe-50 kwiingxaki ezithile zaxhaswa ngemali. "Ukuba sithatha umngcipheko, ezinye iiprojekthi zinamandla okukhokelela kwimpumelelo yokwenyani." UBill Gates, usihlalo-sihlalo weGates Foundation, uthe.

Ngelixa abantu benolindelo olukhulu kwi-AI, iingxaki kunye nemingeni eziziswa yi-AI kuluntu nazo ziyanda imihla ngemihla. I-International Monetary Fund (IMF) yapapasha ingxelo ngoJanuwari 2024, Generative AI: I-AI kungenzeka ukuba ikhulise ukungalingani phakathi kwamazwe kunye nezikhewu zengeniso ngaphakathi kumazwe, kwaye njengoko i-AI iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqhuba izinto ezintsha, abo bangabanini beteknoloji ye-AI okanye batyala imali kwi-AI- amashishini aqhutywayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba anyuse ingeniso eyinkunzi, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukungalingani.

"Iitekhnoloji ezintsha zivela ngalo lonke ixesha, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ubuchwephesha obutsha buxhamla ngokulinganayo kwizityebi, nokuba ngamazwe atyebileyo okanye abantu bamazwe atyebileyo." NgoJuni 18, i-2024, uMark Suzman, i-CEO yeGates Foundation, uthe kwintetho yentetho kwiYunivesithi yaseTsinghua.

Isitshixo ekusombululeni ingxaki inokuba "indlela yokuyila i-AI". Kudliwano-ndlebe nentatheli ye-Weekly yaseMzantsi, uMark Sussman uthe nangona kukho iiprojekthi ezininzi ezisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-AI, into ephambili kukuba ngaba sikhuthaza abantu ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwiimfuno zabantu abahluphekileyo. "Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa ngokucophelela, i-AI, njengabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obutsha, idla ngokuzuza izityebi kuqala."

Ukufikelela kwabona bahluphekayo nabasemngciphekweni

Njenge-CEO yeSiseko seGates, uMark Sussman uhlala ezibuza umbuzo: Singaqinisekisa njani ukuba ezi zinto zintsha ze-AI zixhasa abantu abazidinga kakhulu, kwaye zifikelele kwabona bahluphekayo kwaye basengozini?

Kwi-AI "Umngeni omkhulu" okhankanywe ngasentla, uMark Sussman kunye noogxa bakhe bafumana iiprojekthi ezininzi zokudala besebenzisa i-AI, ezifana ne-AI ingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso engcono kunye nonyango lwezigulane ze-AIDS eMzantsi Afrika, ukubanceda nge-triage? Ngaba imizekelo emikhulu yolwimi ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iingxelo zonyango kumabhinqa aselula? Ngaba kukho izixhobo ezingcono kubasebenzi bezempilo boluntu ukuze bafumane uqeqesho olungcono xa izibonelelo zinqongophele?

UMark Sussman ukuya kwintatheli yempelaveki esemazantsi umzekelo, bona kunye namaqabane baqulunqa isixhobo esitsha se-ultrasound esiphathwa ngesandla, banokusebenzisa ifowuni ephathwayo kwimithombo enqabileyo kubafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba benze uviwo lwe-ultrasound, emva koko ii-algorithms zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa zinokuhlalutya imifanekiso enesisombululo esisezantsi, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo. ukuqikelela umsebenzi onzima okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka, ukuchaneka kwayo akukho ngaphantsi kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yesibhedlele. "Ezi zixhobo ziya kukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni emhlabeni jikelele, kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba oko kuya kusindisa ubomi obuninzi."

UMark Sussman ukholelwa ukuba ngokwenene kukho amathuba amahle kakhulu okusetyenziswa kwe-AI ekuqeqesheni, ukuxilongwa, kunye nenkxaso kubasebenzi bezempilo boluntu, kwaye iqala ukukhangela iindawo zaseChina apho inokuxhaswa ngemali ngakumbi.

Xa uxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi ze-AI, uMark Sussman ubonisa ukuba imigaqo yabo ibandakanya ngokukodwa ukuba ihambelana nemilinganiselo yabo; Ingaba ibandakanya, kubandakanywa amazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye namaqela kwi-co-design; Ukuthotyelwa kunye noxanduva lweeprojekthi ze-AI; Nokuba iinkxalabo zabucala kunye nokhuseleko ziyaqwalaselwa ; Nokuba ibandakanya ingqikelelo yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukungafihli.

"Izixhobo ezikhoyo, nokuba zizixhobo zobukrelekrele okanye uphando olubanzi lwesitofu sokugonya okanye izixhobo zophando lwezolimo, zisinika amathuba anomdla ngakumbi kunanini na kwimbali yethu, kodwa asikawasebenzisi ngokupheleleyo loo mandla." "UMark Sussman uthe.

Idityaniswe nobuchule bomntu, i-AI iya kudala amathuba amatsha

Ngokwe-International Monetary Fund, i-AI iya kuchaphazela phantse i-40% yemisebenzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Abantu bahlala bexambulisana, kwaye bahlala bexhalabile, malunga nokuba zeziphi iindawo eziza kunyamalala kwaye zeziphi iindawo eziza kuba ngamathuba amatsha.

Nangona ingxaki yengqesho ikwathwaxa nabo bangathathi ntweni. Kodwa kwimbono kaMark Sussman, utyalo-mali olubaluleke kakhulu luseyimpilo, imfundo kunye nesondlo, kwaye izibonelelo zabasebenzi azikho isitshixo kweli nqanaba.

Ubudala obuphakathi kwabantu baseAfrika bumalunga ne-18 kuphela ubudala, kwaye amanye amazwe angaphantsi, uMark Sussman ukholelwa ukuba ngaphandle kokhuseleko olusisiseko lwezempilo, kunzima ngabantwana ukuthetha ngekamva labo. "Kulula ukungayiboni loo nto kwaye utsibe ngqo ukuya kubuza ukuba iphi imisebenzi."

Kuninzi lwabantu abahluphekayo, ulimo useyeyona ndlela yokuziphilisa. Ngokutsho kweGates Foundation, isithathu kwikota yabona bantu bahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini ngamafama asakhasayo, ubukhulu becala akwiindawo ezikumazantsi eSahara eAfrika nakuMzantsi Asia, axhomekeke kwingeniso yeefama ukuze azondle wona neentsapho zawo.

Ezolimo "kuxhomekeke kwimozulu yokutya" - utyalo-mali lwakwangoko, umngcipheko ophezulu wemozulu, umjikelezo omude wokubuya, ezi zinto ziye zahlala zithintela utyalo-mali lwabantu kunye nenkunzi. Phakathi kwabo, i-AI inamandla amakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, eIndiya naseMpuma Afrika, abalimi bathembele kwimvula ukuze bankcenkceshele ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo zokunkcenkceshela. Kodwa nge-AI, uqikelelo lwemozulu lunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwaye iingcebiso malunga nembewu kunye nokunkcenkceshela zinokubonelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kumafama.

UMark Sussman uthe ayimangalisi into yokuba amafama anengeniso ephezulu asebenzise iisathelayithi okanye ezinye iindlela, kodwa nge-AI, sinokuqhubeka sisenza ezi zixhobo zidume, ukuze amafama asakhasayo ahlupheke kakhulu akwazi ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokwandisa isichumiso, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwembewu.

Okwangoku, i-Gates Foundation isebenzisana neSebe lezoLimo kunye neMicimbi yaseMaphandleni, i-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kunye namanye amasebe ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukuhlakulela imbalela - kunye nezityalo ezikwazi ukumelana namanzi kunye neentlobo zezityalo kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo olunamandla, ukuthwala. ngaphandle kwentsebenziswano yaseChina-Afrika, imveliso yembewu yalapha e-Afrika kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokukhuthaza iintlobo eziphuculweyo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uncede amazwe aseAfrika aseke inkqubo yoshishino lwembewu yala maxesha edibanisa ukufuya irayisi, ukuzala nokukhuthazwa.

UMark Sussman uzichaza njengomntu "onethemba" okholelwa ukuba indibaniselwano ye-AI kunye nobuchule bomntu kuya kudala amathuba amatsha oluntu, kwaye le mimandla emitsha inokudlala indima kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo ezifana neAfrika. "Sinethemba lokuba kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, izizukulwana ezitsha ezizalwe kwi-Afrika engaphantsi kwe-Sahara ziya kuba nokufikelela kwizibonelelo ezisisiseko ezifanayo zempilo kunye nemfundo njengabo bonke abantu."

Abantu abahluphekayo nabo banokwabelana ngokusungula iziyobisi

Kukho "i-90/10 gap" ekufumaneni iziyobisi - amazwe asakhasayo athwala i-90% yomthwalo wezifo ezosulelayo, kodwa kuphela i-10% yophando lwehlabathi kunye neemali zophuhliso ezinikezelwe kwezi zifo. Amandla aphambili ekuphuhliseni amachiza kunye nokuqaliswa kwezinto ezintsha licandelo labucala, kodwa ngokombono wabo, ukuphuhliswa kweziyobisi kubantu abahluphekayo akusoloko kunenzuzo.

NgoJuni ka-2021, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) wabhengeza ukuba i-China iphumelele isiqinisekiso sokuphelisa isifo seengcongconi, kodwa idatha ye-WHO ibonisa ukuba abantu abangama-608,000 kwihlabathi liphela basaza kubulawa sisifo seengcongconi ngo-2022, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabo bahlala behlwempuzekile. iindawo. Oku kungenxa yokuba isifo seengcongconi asisakho kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu, kwaye zimbalwa iinkampani ezityala imali kuphando nophuhliso.

Ngenxa “yokungaphumeleli kwemarike,” uMark Sussman uxelele iSouthern Weekly ukuba isisombululo sabo kukusebenzisa inkxaso-mali yabo ukukhuthaza icandelo labucala ukuba lisebenzise kwaye likhuthaze ukutsha, ukwenza obu buchule bunokuthi busetyenziswe kuphela kwizityebi zibe “ziimpahla zoluntu zehlabathi. ."

Imodeli efana nokhathalelo lwempilo "ukuthenga ngevolumu" kuyafaneleka ukuzama. UMark Sussman uthi baye basebenzisana neenkampani ezimbini ezinkulu ukuze banciphise ixabiso ngesiqingatha ukuze amabhinqa ahlwempuzekileyo eAfrika naseAsia akwazi ukuthenga izinto zokuthintela ukukhawula, ukuze aqinisekise ukuba athenge isixa esithile sokuthenga nengeniso ethile.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le modeli ingqina kwiinkampani ezixuba amayeza ukuba nabantu abahluphekayo basenayo imarike enkulu.

Ukongeza, ezinye itekhnoloji ezinqamlezileyo nazo zisalathisa ingqalelo. UMark Sussman wachaza ukuba inkxaso-mali yakhe kwicandelo labucala isekelwe kwisiseko sokuba ukuba inkampani isungula imveliso eyimpumelelo, kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba imveliso ifumaneka kumazwe aphantsi-naphakathi anengeniso ephantsi ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye inikeze ukufikelela iteknoloji. Umzekelo, kubuchwephesha be-mRNA obugqwesileyo, iGates Foundation yakhetha ukuba ngumtyali-mali kwangoko ukuxhasa uphando malunga nendlela i-mRNA enokuthi isetyenziswe ngayo ukunyanga izifo ezosulelayo ezifana nesifo seengcongconi, isifo sephepha okanye i-HIV, "nangona intengiso igxile ngakumbi kuqoqosho lweli lizwe. unyango lomhlaza olunenzuzo."

Ngomhla wama-20 kuJuni ka-2024, i-Lenacapavir, unyango olutsha lwe-HIV, yabhengeza iziphumo zethutyana zeSigaba sesi-3 INJONGO 1 yolingo lwezonyango olusebenza ngokugqwesileyo. Embindini we-2023, i-Gates Foundation ityale imali ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamachiza e-Lenacapavir ukwenzela ukuba zihanjiswe ngcono kwiindawo eziphantsi - kunye neziphakathi.

"Embindini wayo nayiphi na imodeli ingcamango yokuba i-philanthropic capital ingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla icandelo labucala kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuqinisekiswe ukuba loo dynamism isetyenziselwa ukunceda abantu abahlwempuzekileyo kunye nabasengozini kakhulu ukuba bafikelele kwizinto ezintsha abangenako ukufikelela kuzo." "UMark Sussman uthe.