Reka AI ibone Abakene

"Hamwe no gukwirakwiza interineti no gukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorikori, ibibazo byinshi kandi byinshi birashobora gusubizwa vuba. None se tuzagira ibibazo bike?"

Ngiyo ingingo yingingo yuburyo bushya bwamasomo I ikizamini muri 2024. Ariko nikibazo kigoye gusubiza.

Mu 2023, Fondasiyo ya Bill & Melinda Gates (nyuma yiswe Gates Foundation) yatangije "Ikibazo gikomeye" - uburyo ubwenge bw’ubukorikori (AI) bushobora guteza imbere ubuzima n’ubuhinzi, aho hashyizweho ibisubizo birenga 50 ku bibazo byihariye. "Niba dufashe ibyago, imishinga imwe n'imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kugera ku ntambwe nyayo." Bill Gates, umuyobozi wungirije wa Gates Foundation, yabivuze.

Mugihe abantu bafite ibyifuzo byinshi kuri AI, ibibazo nibibazo AI izana muri societe nabyo biriyongera umunsi kumunsi. Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari (IMF) cyasohoye raporo muri Mutarama 2024, Generative AI: AI ishobora kongera ubusumbane hagati y'ibihugu ndetse no gutandukanya amafaranga yinjira mu bihugu, kandi uko AI itezimbere imikorere kandi igatera udushya, abafite ikoranabuhanga rya AI cyangwa bashora imari muri AI- inganda zitwarwa zishobora kongera amafaranga yinjira, bikarushaho gukaza ubusumbane.

"Ikoranabuhanga rishya rigaragara igihe cyose, ariko akenshi ikoranabuhanga rishya ryunguka ku buryo butagereranywa ku bakire, haba mu bihugu bikize cyangwa abaturage bo mu bihugu bikize." Ku ya 18 Kamena 2024, Mark Suzman, umuyobozi mukuru wa Gates Foundation, yabivugiye mu kiganiro yavugiye muri kaminuza ya Tsinghua.

Urufunguzo rwo gukemura ikibazo rushobora kuba "uburyo bwo gukora AI". Mu kiganiro Mark Sussman yagiranye n’umunyamakuru wo mu majyepfo y’icyumweru, yavuze ko nubwo hari imishinga myinshi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya AI, icyangombwa ni ukumenya niba dushishikariza abantu kwita ku byo abakene bakennye bakeneye. "Hatabanje gukoreshwa neza, AI, kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya, ikunda kugirira akamaro abakire mbere."

Kugera ku bakene kandi batishoboye

Nkumuyobozi mukuru wa Gates Foundation, Mark Sussman ahora yibaza ikibazo: Nigute dushobora kwemeza ko udushya twa AI dushyigikira abantu babakeneye cyane, kandi tugera kubakene nabatishoboye kurusha abandi?

Muri AI "Ikibazo gikomeye" cyavuzwe haruguru, Mark Sussman na bagenzi be bahawe imishinga myinshi yo guhanga bakoresheje AI, nka AI ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga ubufasha bunoze no kuvura abarwayi ba sida muri Afurika y'Epfo, kugira ngo ibafashe muri triage? Ururimi runini rushobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere inyandiko zubuvuzi ku bagore bakiri bato? Harashobora kuba ibikoresho byiza kubakozi bashinzwe ubuzima kugirango babone amahugurwa meza mugihe amikoro ari make?

Mark Sussman kumunyamakuru wicyumweru cyamajyepfo urugero, bo hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa bakoze igikoresho gishya cyitwa ultrasound hand hand, barashobora gukoresha terefone igendanwa mumikoro make kubagore batwite kugirango bakore ibizamini bya ultrasound, hanyuma algorithms yubwenge yubukorikori irashobora gusesengura amashusho yoroheje, kandi neza vuga imirimo igoye cyangwa ibindi bibazo bishoboka, ubunyangamugayo bwayo ntabwo buri munsi yibizamini bya ultrasound. "Ibi bikoresho bizashobora gukoreshwa mu cyaro ku isi, kandi ndizera ko bizarokora ubuzima bw'abantu benshi."

Mark Sussman yizera ko hari amahirwe menshi cyane yo gukoresha AI mu mahugurwa, gusuzuma, no gutera inkunga abakozi bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage, kandi ko itangiye gushakisha uduce two mu Bushinwa aho dushobora guterwa inkunga nyinshi.

Iyo gutera inkunga imishinga ya AI, Mark Sussman yerekana ko ibyo bashingiraho ahanini birimo niba bihuye n'indangagaciro zabo; Byaba birimo, harimo ibihugu byinjiza amikoro make hamwe nitsinda mugushushanya; Kubahiriza no kubazwa imishinga ya AI; Niba ibibazo by’umutekano n’umutekano byakemuwe; Niba ikubiyemo igitekerezo cyo gukoresha neza, mugihe gikora neza.

"Ibikoresho biri hanze, byaba ibikoresho by’ubwenge by’ubukorikori cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwagutse bw’inkingo cyangwa ibikoresho by’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi, biduha amahirwe ashimishije kuruta ikindi gihe cyose mu mateka yacu, ariko ntiturafata neza kandi ngo dukoreshe izo mbaraga." "Mark Sussman ati.

Ufatanije nubushobozi bwabantu, AI izatanga amahirwe mashya

Nk’uko ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari kibitangaza, AI izagira ingaruka ku mirimo igera kuri 40% ku isi. Abantu bahora batongana, kandi akenshi bahangayikishijwe, uturere tuzashira n'uturere tuzahinduka amahirwe mashya.

Nubwo ikibazo cyakazi nacyo kibabaza abakene. Ariko nk'uko Mark Sussman abibona, ishoramari ry'ingenzi riracyari ubuzima, uburezi n'imirire, kandi abakozi ntabwo ari urufunguzo muri iki cyiciro.

Ikigereranyo cyo hagati y’abatuye Afurika gifite imyaka 18 gusa, ndetse n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bikiri hasi, Mark Sussman yizera ko hatabayeho kurengera ubuzima bw’ibanze, bigoye ko abana bavuga ejo hazaza habo. "Biroroshye kubura ibyo hanyuma ugasimbuka uhita ubaza aho akazi kari."

Ku bakene benshi, ubuhinzi buracyari inzira nyamukuru yo kwibeshaho. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Gates Foundation, bitatu bya kane by'abaturage bakennye cyane ku isi ni abahinzi-borozi bato, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara no muri Aziya y'Epfo, bishingikiriza ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi kugira ngo batunge n'imiryango yabo.

Ubuhinzi "biterwa nikirere cyo kurya" - ishoramari hakiri kare, ingaruka z’ikirere nyinshi, igihe kirekire cyo kugaruka, ibi bintu byagiye bibuza ishoramari ryabantu n’ishoramari. Muri byo, AI ifite ubushobozi bukomeye. Urugero, mu Buhinde no muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, abahinzi bishingikiriza ku mvura yo kuhira kubera kubura ibikoresho byo kuhira. Ariko hamwe na AI, iteganyagihe rishobora gutegurwa kandi inama zijyanye no gutera no kuhira zirashobora guhabwa abahinzi.

Mark Sussman yavuze ko bidatangaje ko abahinzi binjiza amafaranga menshi bakoresha satelite cyangwa ubundi buryo, ariko hamwe na AI, dushobora kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibyo bikoresho, ku buryo abahinzi-borozi bato bato bakennye cyane bashobora no gukoresha ibikoresho mu kuzamura ifumbire, kuhira no gukoresha imbuto.

Kugeza ubu, Fondasiyo ya Gates irakorana na Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ibikorwa by’icyaro, Ishuri ry’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuhinzi n’Ubushinwa n’andi mashami mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, guhinga amapfa - n’ibihingwa birwanya amazi n’ibihingwa by’ibihingwa bifite imbaraga zo guhangana n’ingutu, bitwara hanze Ubufatanye n’Ubushinwa na Afurika, umusaruro w’imbuto muri Afurika no kunoza gahunda yo guteza imbere ubwoko bw’ubwoko bunoze, kandi buhoro buhoro bufasha ibihugu bya Afurika gushyiraho gahunda y’inganda zigezweho zihuza ubworozi bw’umuceri, kororoka no kuzamura.

Mark Sussman yisobanura nk'umuntu ufite icyizere wizera ko guhuza AI n'ubushobozi bwa muntu bizatanga amahirwe mashya ku bantu, kandi iyi nzego nshya zishobora kugira uruhare ahantu hakennye umutungo nka Afurika. "Turizera ko mu myaka icumi iri imbere, ibisekuru bishya byavukiye muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara bizabona ibikoresho by'ibanze by’ubuzima n’uburezi nkabandi bose."

Abakene barashobora kandi gusangira udushya twibiyobyabwenge

Hariho "icyuho cya 90/10" mu kuvumbura ibiyobyabwenge - ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite 90% by'umutwaro w'indwara zandura, ariko 10% gusa by'amafaranga y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ku isi ni byo byita kuri izo ndwara. Imbaraga nyamukuru mu guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge no guhanga udushya ni abikorera, ariko uko babibona, guteza imbere ibiyobyabwenge ku bakene ntabwo buri gihe byunguka.

Muri Kamena 2021, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatangaje ko Ubushinwa bwatanze icyemezo cyo gukuraho malariya, ariko imibare ya OMS igaragaza ko abantu 608.000 ku isi bazakomeza gupfa bazize malariya mu 2022, kandi abarenga 90% muri bo bakaba bakennye. uturere. Ni ukubera ko malariya itakiri icyorezo mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga menshi, kandi ibigo bike ni byo bishora imari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere.

Mu rwego rwo "gutsindwa kw'isoko," Mark Sussman yatangarije ikinyamakuru Southern Weekly ko igisubizo cyabo ari ugukoresha inkunga yabo mu gushishikariza abikorera gukoresha no guteza imbere udushya, bigatuma udushya dushobora gukoreshwa gusa ku bakire gusa mu "bicuruzwa rusange ku isi . "

Icyitegererezo gisa nubuvuzi "kugura nubunini" nabyo birakwiye kugerageza. Mark Sussman avuga ko bakoranye n’amasosiyete abiri manini kugira ngo bagabanye igiciro mo kabiri kugira ngo abagore bakennye bo muri Afurika no muri Aziya bashobore kubona uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro, mu rwego rwo kubizeza ko hari ibyo baguze n’inyungu runaka.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko iyi moderi igaragariza ibigo bikorerwamo ibya farumasi ko nabaturage bakennye bagifite isoko rinini.

Mubyongeyeho, tekinoroji igezweho nayo ni icyerekezo cyo kwitabwaho. Mark Sussman yasobanuye ko inkunga ye mu bikorera ishingiye ku ngingo ivuga ko niba isosiyete itangije ibicuruzwa byatsinze, bigomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa biboneka mu bihugu bikennye - kandi byinjiza amafaranga make ku giciro gito gishoboka kandi bigatanga uburyo bwo kugera ikoranabuhanga. Kurugero, mubuhanga bugezweho bwa mRNA, Gates Foundation yahisemo kuba umushoramari hakiri kare kugirango ashyigikire ubushakashatsi bwukuntu mRNA yakoreshwa mukuvura indwara zandura nka malariya, igituntu cyangwa virusi itera sida, "nubwo isoko ryibanda cyane kuri byinshi kuvura kanseri byunguka. "

Ku ya 20 Kamena 2024, Lenacapavir, uburyo bushya bwo kuvura virusi itera sida, yatangaje ibyavuye mu gihe gito cy’ibizamini by’ibanze by’icyiciro cya 3 INTEGO 1 y’amavuriro afite imikorere myiza. Hagati ya 2023, Fondasiyo ya Gates yashoye amafaranga yo gushyigikira ikoreshwa rya AI mu kugabanya ibiciro no kugabanya ibiciro by'imiti ya Lenacapavir hagamijwe kurushaho kubigeza mu turere duto - kandi twinjiza hagati.

"Intandaro y'icyitegererezo icyo ari cyo cyose ni igitekerezo cyo kumenya niba imari shingiro y'abagiraneza ishobora gukoreshwa mu guha ingufu abikorera kandi icyarimwe ikareba ko imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gufasha abaturage bakennye cyane kandi batishoboye kubona udushya badashobora kubona ukundi." "Mark Sussman ati.