Lolani AI Awone Anthu Osauka

"Ndi kutchuka kwa intaneti komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopangapanga, mafunso ochulukirapo amatha kuyankhidwa mwachangu. Ndiye tidzakhala ndi mavuto ochepa?"

Uwu ndiye mutu wankhani wa mayeso atsopano a muyeso wa I mu 2024. Koma ndi funso lovuta kuyankha.

Mu 2023, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (yomwe idatchedwa Gates Foundation) idakhazikitsa "Grand Challenge" - momwe nzeru zopangira (AI) zingapititsire patsogolo thanzi ndi ulimi, momwe mayankho opitilira 50 amavuto apadera adathandizidwa. "Tikayika pachiwopsezo, ma projekiti ena amatha kubweretsa zopambana zenizeni." Bill Gates, wapampando wa Gates Foundation, watero.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ali ndi ziyembekezo zazikulu za AI, mavuto ndi zovuta zomwe AI imabweretsa kwa anthu zikuchulukiranso tsiku ndi tsiku. Bungwe la International Monetary Fund (IMF) lidatulutsa lipoti mu Januware 2024, Generative AI: AI ikuyenera kukulitsa kusalingana pakati pa mayiko ndi mipata yopeza ndalama m'maiko, komanso momwe AI imathandizira komanso kuyendetsa zatsopano, omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wa AI kapena amaika ndalama mu AI- Mafakitale oyendetsedwa akhoza kuonjezera ndalama zogulira ndalama, zomwe zikuwonjezera kusalingana.

"Nthawi zonse umisiri watsopano umatuluka, koma nthawi zambiri matekinoloje atsopano amapindulitsa mopanda malire olemera, kaya ndi mayiko olemera kapena anthu a mayiko olemera." Pa Juni 18, 2024, a Mark Suzman, CEO wa Gates Foundation, adatero pamwambo wolankhula ku yunivesite ya Tsinghua.

Chinsinsi chothetsera vutoli chikhoza kukhala "momwe mungapangire AI". Pokambirana ndi mtolankhani wa Southern Weekly, Mark Sussman adanena kuti ngakhale pali mapulojekiti ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya AI, chinsinsi ndi chakuti ngati tikulimbikitsa anthu kuti azisamalira zosowa za anthu osauka kwambiri. "Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala, AI, monga matekinoloje onse atsopano, amakonda kupindulitsa olemera poyamba."

Kufikira anthu osauka kwambiri komanso osatetezeka kwambiri

Monga CEO wa Gates Foundation, Mark Sussman nthawi zonse amadzifunsa funso: Kodi tingatsimikizire bwanji kuti zatsopano za AIzi zimathandizira anthu omwe amazifuna kwambiri, ndikufikira osauka kwambiri komanso osatetezeka?

Mu AI "Grand Challenge" yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, Mark Sussman ndi anzake adalandira ntchito zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito AI, monga momwe AI ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popereka chithandizo chabwino kwa odwala AIDS ku South Africa, kuwathandiza ndi triage? Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zilankhulo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera zolemba zachipatala mwa atsikana? Kodi pangakhale zida zabwinoko kuti ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo am'deralo aphunzire bwino pomwe zothandizira zili zochepa?

Mark Sussman kwa mtolankhani kum'mwera kwa mlungu mwachitsanzo, iwo ndi abwenzi anayamba chida chatsopano cham'manja cha ultrasound, angagwiritse ntchito foni yam'manja muzosowa za amayi apakati kuti ayese kufufuza kwa ultrasound, ndiye kuti ma aligovimu anzeru ochita kupanga amatha kusanthula zithunzi zotsika, komanso molondola. kulosera zovuta zantchito kapena zovuta zina zomwe zingatheke, kulondola kwake sikuchepera poyerekeza ndi mayeso achipatala a ultrasound. "Zida izi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera akumidzi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti zidzapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri."

Mark Sussman amakhulupirira kuti palidi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wogwiritsa ntchito AI pophunzitsa, kufufuza, ndi kuthandizira ogwira ntchito zachipatala m'deralo, komanso kuti akuyamba kuyang'ana madera ku China kumene angapeze ndalama zambiri.

Popereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito za AI, Mark Sussman akuwonetsa kuti njira zawo zimaphatikizirapo ngati zikugwirizana ndi makhalidwe awo; Kaya zikuphatikizapo, kuphatikizapo mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa komanso magulu omwe ali mu co-design; Kutsata ndi kuyankha ndi ntchito za AI; Kaya nkhani zachinsinsi ndi chitetezo ziyankhidwa; Kaya zikuphatikiza lingaliro la kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilungamo, ndikuwonetsetsa kuwonekera.

"Zida zomwe zili kunjako, kaya ndi zida zanzeru zopangapanga kapena kafukufuku wina wa katemera kapena zida zofufuzira zaulimi, zimatipatsa mwayi wosangalatsa kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri yathu, koma sitinagwire ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzo." "Akutero Mark Sussman.

Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kwaumunthu, AI ipanga mwayi watsopano

Malinga ndi International Monetary Fund, AI ikhudza pafupifupi 40% ya ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu amakangana nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, kuti ndi madera ati omwe adzatha komanso madera omwe adzakhala mwayi watsopano.

Ngakhale kuti vuto la ntchito limavutitsanso anthu osauka. Koma m'malingaliro a Mark Sussman, ndalama zofunika kwambiri zikadali zathanzi, maphunziro ndi zakudya, ndipo ntchito za anthu sizofunikira pakadali pano.

Zaka zapakati za chiŵerengero cha anthu a mu Afirika ndi zaka pafupifupi 18 zokha, ndipo maiko ena ngakhale otsika, Mark Sussman amakhulupirira kuti popanda chitetezero cha thanzi labwino, nkovuta kwa ana kulankhula za tsogolo lawo. "N'zosavuta kuyiwala izi ndikudumphira kukafunsa komwe kuli ntchito."

Kwa anthu osauka ambiri, ulimi ukadali njira yaikulu yopezera ndalama. Malinga ndi bungwe la Gates Foundation, anthu atatu mwa anayi alionse amene ali osauka kwambiri padziko lonse ndi alimi ang’onoang’ono, makamaka a ku sub-Saharan Africa ndi South Asia, amene amadalira ndalama zaulimi kuti azidyetsa okha komanso mabanja awo.

Agriculture "zimadalira nyengo kuti adye" - ndalama oyambirira, ngozi mkulu nyengo, yaitali kubwerera mkombero, zinthu izi nthawizonse amaletsa ndalama anthu ndi likulu. Pakati pawo, AI ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, ku India ndi East Africa, alimi amadalira mvula kuti azithirira chifukwa chosowa zipangizo zothirira. Koma ndi AI, zolosera zanyengo zitha kusinthidwa makonda ndipo upangiri wobzala ndi kuthirira utha kuperekedwa mwachindunji kwa alimi.

Mark Sussman adati sizodabwitsa kuti alimi opeza ndalama zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma satelayiti kapena njira zina, koma ndi AI, titha kufalitsa zidazi, kuti alimi ang'onoang'ono osauka nawonso agwiritse ntchito zida kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, ulimi wothirira ndi mbewu.

Pakalipano, Gates Foundation ikugwiranso ntchito ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ndi madipatimenti ena kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kulima chilala - ndi mbewu zosagwira madzi ndi mitundu ya mbewu zolimbana ndi kupsinjika mwamphamvu, kunyamula. kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi Africa, kalimidwe ka mbeu ku Africa ndi kukonza njira zotsatsira mbewu zotsogola, ndikuthandizira pang'onopang'ono maiko aku Africa kukhazikitsa njira yamakono yopangira mbewu yomwe imaphatikiza kuswana, kubereka ndi kupititsa patsogolo mbewu.

Mark Sussman akudzifotokoza kuti ndi "woyembekezera" yemwe amakhulupirira kuti kuphatikiza kwa AI ndi kuthekera kwa anthu kudzapanga mwayi watsopano kwa anthu, ndipo magawo atsopanowa atha kutenga nawo gawo m'malo osowa zinthu monga Africa. "Tikukhulupirira kuti m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, mibadwo yatsopano yobadwira kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa idzakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zofunikira za umoyo ndi maphunziro monga wina aliyense."

Anthu osauka angathenso kugawana nzeru za mankhwala

Pali "90/10 gap" pakupeza mankhwala - mayiko omwe akutukuka amanyamula 90% ya zolemetsa za matenda opatsirana, koma 10% yokha ya ndalama zafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha dziko lapansi zimaperekedwa ku matendawa. Mphamvu yaikulu pa chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi zatsopano ndi mabungwe apadera, koma m'malingaliro awo, chitukuko cha mankhwala kwa osauka sichimapindulitsa nthawi zonse.

Mu June 2021, World Health Organisation (WHO) idalengeza kuti China idapereka chiphaso chothetsa malungo, koma kafukufuku wa WHO akuwonetsa kuti anthu 608,000 padziko lonse lapansi adzamwalirabe ndi malungo mu 2022, ndipo opitilira 90% aiwo amakhala osauka. madera. Izi zili choncho chifukwa malungo sakupezekanso m’mayiko olemera, ndipo ndi makampani ochepa okha amene akuikapo ndalama pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.

Poyang'anizana ndi "kulephera kwa msika," a Mark Sussman adauza Southern Weekly kuti yankho lawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo kulimbikitsa mabungwe azinsinsi kuti agwiritse ntchito ndikulimbikitsa zatsopano, ndikupanga zatsopanozi zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa olemera okha kukhala "katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi. ."

Chitsanzo chofanana ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo "kugula ndi voliyumu" ndichofunikanso kuyesera. Mark Sussman akuti agwira ntchito ndi makampani awiri akuluakulu kuti achepetse mtengowo ndi theka kuti amayi osauka a ku Africa ndi Asia athe kupeza njira zolerera, powatsimikizira kuti adzagula ndalama zinazake ndi phindu linalake.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti chitsanzochi chikutsimikizira makampani opanga mankhwala kuti ngakhale anthu osauka akadali ndi msika waukulu.

Kuphatikiza apo, matekinoloje ena otsogola alinso njira yowunikira. Mark Sussman adalongosola kuti ndalama zomwe amapereka kwa mabungwe apadera zimachokera ku lingaliro lakuti ngati kampaniyo iyambitsa chinthu chopambana, ikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti katunduyo akupezeka kwa mayiko otsika - ndi omwe ali ndi ndalama zapakati pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri ndikupereka mwayi wopeza. luso. Mwachitsanzo, muukadaulo wotsogola wa mRNA, Gates Foundation idasankha kukhala woyendetsa ndalama mwachangu kuti athandizire kafukufuku wa momwe mRNA ingagwiritsire ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana monga malungo, chifuwa chachikulu kapena HIV, "ngakhale msika umayang'ana kwambiri pazambiri. mankhwala opindulitsa a khansa."

Pa Juni 20, 2024, Lenacapavir, chithandizo chatsopano cha HIV, adalengeza zotsatira zanthawi yayitali za mayeso ofunikira a Phase 3 PURPOSE 1 omwe adachita bwino kwambiri. Pakati pa 2023, Gates Foundation adayika ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito AI kuti achepetse ndalama komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa mankhwala a Lenacapavir kuti aperekedwe bwino kumadera otsika - ndi apakati.

"Pamtima pa chitsanzo chilichonse ndi lingaliro lakuti ngati ndalama zothandizira ndalama zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa mabungwe apadera komanso nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvuyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza anthu osauka kwambiri komanso omwe ali pachiopsezo kuti athe kupeza zatsopano zomwe sangathe kuzipeza." "Akutero Mark Sussman.